Anthracyclines, alone or in combination, remain the first-line therapy for many cancers, including various forms of lymphoma, breast cancer, leukaemia, melanoma, and uterine and gastric cancers. Every year, anthracyclines are administered to >3 million European citizens to treat a first cancer. The curative potential of anthracycline therapy is determined by appropriate dosing. Anthracyclines have a well-known cardiotoxic effect that can result in irreversible injury to the myocardium, leading to chronic heart failure (HF). While the major determinant of anthracycline cardiotoxicity (AC) is cumulative dose, the risk of this adverse effect is increased by older age and the presence of other comorbidities, including ischaemic cardiomyopathy, valvular heart disease, and hypertension. An estimated >5% of cancer survivors live with chronic HF secondary to AC. There is a pressing need to identify treatments able to prevent AC.
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